Medicare turns 50 this week, and it has been a very good half-century. Before the program went into effect, Ronald Reagan warned it would destroy American freedom; it didn’t, as far as anyone can tell. What it did was provide a huge improvement in financial security for seniors and their families, and in many cases it literally has been a lifesaver as well.
Medicare turns 50 this week, and it has been a very good half-century. Before the program went into effect, Ronald Reagan warned it would destroy American freedom; it didn’t, as far as anyone can tell. What it did was provide a huge improvement in financial security for seniors and their families, and in many cases it literally has been a lifesaver as well.
But the right has never abandoned its dream of killing the program. So, it’s really no surprise Jeb Bush recently declared that while he wants to let those already on Medicare keep their benefits, “We need to figure out a way to phase out this program for others.”
What is somewhat surprising, however, is the argument he chose to use, which might have sounded plausible five years ago but now looks completely out of touch. In this, as in other spheres, Bush often seems like a Rip Van Winkle who slept through everything that happened since he left the governor’s office — after all, he’s still boasting about Florida’s housing-bubble boom.
Actually, before I get to Bush’s argument, I guess I need to acknowledge that a Bush spokesman claims the candidate wasn’t actually calling for an end to Medicare, he was just talking about things such as raising the age of eligibility. There are two things to say about this claim. First, it’s clearly false: in context, Bush obviously was talking about converting Medicare into a voucher system, along the lines proposed by Paul Ryan.
And second, while raising the Medicare age has long been a favorite idea of Washington’s Very Serious People, a couple of years ago the Congressional Budget Office did a careful study and discovered the move hardly would save any money. That is, at this point raising the Medicare age is a zombie idea, which should have been killed by analysis and evidence but still is out there eating some people’s brains.
But then, Bush’s real argument, as opposed to his campaign’s lame attempt at a rewrite, is just a bigger zombie.
The real reason conservatives want to do away with Medicare always has been political: It’s the very idea of the government providing a universal safety net that they hate, and they hate it even more when such programs are successful. But when they make their case to the public, they usually shy away from making their real case, and have even, incredibly, sometimes posed as the program’s defenders against liberals and their death panels.
What Medicare’s would-be killers usually argue, instead, is that the program as we know it is unaffordable — that we must destroy the system in order to save it, that, as Bush put it, we must “move to a new system that allows (seniors) to have something — because they’re not going to have anything.” And the new system they usually advocate is, as I said, vouchers that can be applied to the purchase of private insurance.
The underlying premise here is that Medicare as we know it is incapable of controlling costs, that the only way to keep health care affordable going forward is to rely on the magic of privatization.
Now, this was always a dubious claim. It’s true for most of Medicare’s history its spending has grown faster than the economy as a whole — but this is true of health spending in general. In fact, Medicare costs per beneficiary have consistently grown more slowly than private insurance premiums, suggesting Medicare is, if anything, better than private insurers at cost control.
Furthermore, other wealthy countries with government-provided health insurance spend much less than we do, again suggesting Medicare-type programs can indeed control costs.
Still, conservatives scoffed at the cost-control measures included in the Affordable Care Act, insisting nothing short of privatization would work.
And then a funny thing happened: the act’s passage immediately was followed by an unprecedented pause in Medicare cost growth. Indeed, Medicare spending keeps coming in ever further below expectations, to an extent that has revolutionized our views about the sustainability of the program and of government spending as a whole.
Right now is, in other words, a very odd time to be going on about the impossibility of preserving Medicare, a program whose finances will be strained by an aging population but no longer looks disastrous. One can only guess Bush is unaware of all this, that he’s living inside the conservative information bubble, whose impervious shield blocks all positive news about health reform.
Meanwhile, what the rest of us need to know is Medicare at 50 still looks very good. It needs to keep working on costs, it will need some additional resources, but it looks eminently sustainable. The only real threat it faces is that of attack by right-wing zombies.
Paul Krugman is a syndicated columnist who writes for the New York Times News Service.