By ANA IONOVA NYTimes News Service
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RIO DE JANEIRO — Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s former president, will face trial on charges that he oversaw a vast scheme to cling to power after losing the 2022 elections, including an attempt to overturn the vote and a plot to assassinate the nation’s president-elect, the country’s Supreme Court decided Wednesday.

The ruling marks a significant effort to hold Bolsonaro accountable for accusations that he sought to effectively dismantle Brazil’s democracy by orchestrating a broad plan to stage a coup.

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Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who is overseeing the case, said in explaining his decision that there was no doubt Bolsonaro “knew, handled and discussed” plans for a coup.

Bolsonaro and seven members of his inner circle, including his running mate and a former spy chief, will be tried on charges filed by prosecutors last month of “violent abolition of the democratic rule of law” and “coup d’état,” among other crimes.

In a surprise move, Bolsonaro attended the first day of the two-day hearing alongside his lawyers but remained silent.

Bolsonaro, in a statement, said the court’s decision was politically motivated, calling it an attempt to “silence the opposition.”

Bolsonaro, who has been barred from running for office until 2030, added that the president should be chosen by Brazilians “at the ballot box, not a handful of judges in a courtroom.”

Celso Sanchez Vilardi, one of Bolsonaro’s lawyers, did not deny the existence of a coup plot, calling the details of the plan “very serious” in his argument before the high court. But he insisted that there was no link between Bolsonaro and the scheme.

“Bolsonaro is the most investigated president in the country’s history,” Vilardi told the court. “Absolutely nothing has been found.”

The five-justice Supreme Court panel voted unanimously to move forward with a trial.

The trial, which has yet to be scheduled, is the fruit of a sweeping two-year investigation in which police raided homes and offices, arrested people close to Bolsonaro and secured a key confession from a senior aide to the former president.

In a 884-page report unsealed in November, investigators accused Bolsonaro of directing and approving a detailed plot, which included plans to annul the election results, disband courts, grant special powers to the military and poison President-elect Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva days before he was to take office.

Moraes, who is seen by the far-right as an opponent of Bolsonaro, was himself the target of assassination plans revealed by the coup probe.

The investigation revealed how close Brazil came to returning to a military dictatorship nearly four decades into its history as a modern democracy.

The scheme, according to prosecutors, also included sowing unfounded doubts about the reliability of Brazil’s electronic voting machines in the months leading up to the 2022 vote. Bolsonaro claimed he could only lose if the election were rigged in his opponent’s favor.

After Bolsonaro did lose, he and his allies encouraged right-wing protesters to camp out in front of military barracks across the nation, demanding that the army overturn the results. A week after Lula took office, many of those protesters stormed Brazil’s halls of power in an episode that echoed the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the Capitol by supporters of President Donald Trump.

Experts say it is unlikely Bolsonaro will be arrested before his trial, unless Moraes deems him to be a flight risk.

After police searched Bolsonaro’s home and seized his passport last year, he spent two nights in the Hungarian Embassy in Brazil, raising questions over whether he had sought to use his ties with a fellow right-wing leader as leverage to evade possible arrest.

If convicted, Bolsonaro could face 12 to 40 years in prison, according to the indictment, though political analysts expect any sentence to be shorter. A conviction would also make him permanently ineligible to run for office under current law.

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